Organizations
General science organizations and gateways
American Association of University Women
Advancing equity for women and girls through education, advocacy, research.
Association for Women in Science
AWIS has its own resources, but the above link is a gateway to dozens of women's groups in various fields: biological sciences, earth sciences, engineering, mathematics, medicine, etc., as well to women's policy organizations.
DiversityWeb
Higher education professionals advancing campus diversity work; part of the Association of American Colleges and Universities.
Graduate Women in Science
Interdisciplinary society whose mandate is to advance the participation and recognition of women in science. Offers grants, awards, and fellowships.
PhDs.org
Annotated list of national and international associations for women in science, technology, and engineering disciplines, ranked by users.
Women and Minorities in Science and Technology
A guide to print (book) resources, both general and field-specific, from the Library of Congress. At the bottom there are links to other resources.
Organizations for specific fields (see gateways above for more)
Anita Borg Institute for women in technology.
Association for Women in Mathematics
Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy
Committee on the Status of Women in Physics
IEEE Women in Engineering
Society of Women Engineers
Women Chemists Committee